The thermometer app reads the Xiaomi MJ_HT_V1 sensor's broadcasts with watchAdvertisements(). Chrome on Android only offers this after you turn on two settings on the chrome://flags page.
Chrome does not let web pages open chrome:// pages. Tap Copy, paste the address into Chrome's address bar and open it. The page jumps straight to the right flag.
Bluetooth permissions granted before the second flag was on are forgotten. In the app, tap the button that picks the sensor and choose MJ_HT_V1. After that Chrome remembers the sensor for this site, even after a restart.
Permissions are per site. A preview deployment (*.thermometer-web.pages.dev with a prefix) is a different site and needs its own pick.